STD Education Campaign Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

STD Education Campaign - Case Study Example 4. Public education: The campaign should be able to teach the students how transmission of STDs occurs and the potential preventive measures. The campaign should also teach the students the importance of knowing ones HIV status. Hygiene should also be part of the teaching during sexual activities (Aral, Fenton, & Lipshutz, 2013). 5. Promoting openness: Most of the people that have contracted STDs feel shy to seek doctors’ help. The campaign team should make the students understand that keeping STD as a secret is risky to an individual’s life. They should be encouraged to seek a doctor’s help as soon as they realize some of the symptoms. By doing that cure would be easier than waiting for the disease to worsen. 6. STD patients care: During the campaign‚, the students should accomplish services such as STD, HIV and pregnancy test. The campaign team should advance health care to STD, HIV and Pregnant patients. Moreover, the team should provide the patients with medicine to fasten the healing process and preventive process. 7. Motivating the students; Notably, students would always appreciate and remain motivated when given gifts. For a student, issuance of a participation certificate could be the most precious thing in the campaign. The certificate would assist them remember the teachings about STD and act as a professional

Accounting analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting analysis - Essay Example For other transactions substance and form diverge and the choice of treatment can give different results due to non-recognition of an asset or a liability even though benefits or obligations result.Full disclosure is not enough:all transactions must be accounted for correctly,with full disclosure of related details as necessary to give the user of accounts a full understanding of the transactions.The interaction of the framework with other standards is also an important issue. Whichever rules are the more specific should be applied, given that IAS's should be consistent with the framework. Leasing provides a good example: straight forward lease which fall squarely within the terms of IAS 17 should be accounted for without any need to refer to the framework, but where there terms are more complex, or the lease is only one element in a large series of transactions, then the framework comes into play. In addition, the framework implicitly requires that its general principle of substance over form should apply in the application of other existing rules.How does the frame work enforce the substance over from rule Its main method is to define the elements of financial substance and therefore to give rules for their recognition. The key considerations are weather a transaction has given rise to new assets and liabilities.A liability is a present obligation of the enterprise arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the enterprise of resources embodying economic benefits. (http://www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm) Identification of those who have risks related to an asset will generally indicate who has the benefits and hence who has the asset. if an entity is in certain circumstances unable to avoid an outflow of benefits, this will provide evidence that it has liability. The definitions given in IASC framework of income and expenses are not as imp as assets and liabilities. This is because income and expenses are described in terms of changes in assets and liabilities, i.e. they are secondary definitions Income is increases in economic beniufit5s during the accounting period in form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in decrease in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participations. Expenses are decreases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of outflows or depletion of assets or increases of liabilities that results in decrease in equity, other than those relating to distributions to equity participants. (http://www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm) The real importance then is the way the Framework defines assets and liabilities regardless of the legal status. It is not sufficient, however, that the asset or liabilities fulfils the above definition; it must also satisfy recognition criteria in order to be shown in an entity's accounts

Truth behind Equality Essay Example for Free

Truth behind Equality Essay Peter Singer is an Australian Philosopher and a utilitarianism who actively advocates the animal rights and equality between species. He presented his arguments regarding his convictions on his articles such as â€Å"All Animals are Equal†, â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality† and â€Å"Humans are Sentient Too. † These articles, though have different points, were interrelated, and in one point, connected to each other. These articles simply advocated animal ethics and equality. In his article, â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality†, Singer presented his notions regarding morality in relevance to famine and affluence. His first notion in his article was that death caused by scarcity of basic necessities in life such as food, shelter and medicine was bad. Singer used the situation in Bengal on 1971 as an example, wherein poverty, starvation and civil war resulted to suffering and death of people of East Bengal. In his second notion, he suggested that if we were able to prevent such bad things to happen then we were required to do everything we could do to stop that without the expense of doing anything comparably bad. He also believed that affluence countries such as Great Britain and Australia, who had all the capabilities to provide help, should help first the people of Bengal, regardless of how it is from them, instead of giving attentions to less significant things. Furthermore, he believed that it was the government’s responsibilities to provide help so as the individuals. This thought made up his third notion. In his fourth notion, he believed that those who could provide aid should give maximally since not all people were able to contribute. Moreover, he suggested that people should change their outlook regarding charity. It was in our moral norm that charity was not mandatory- it is alright if you do have something to offer but it is also alright if you do not have. However, Singer suggested that it was against the moral norm not to give. Singer, made people blameworthy by this thought. Singer might get his views regarding his moral concept on Marxism wherein individuals were concerned on developing the human race. However, we are living in the real world where humans are too greedy and self-centered to give and to think of others. Moreover, on the economic point of view, it is not economically practical to accept the ideas of Singer since providing help to other countries is just a temporary solution in the case of East Bengal. In conclusion to Singer’s article â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality†, it is everyone’s moral obligation to give assistance to someone who is badly in need or in the near death. He believed that it was worth sacrificing the things that are less significant than the life of people. In this case, Singer’s claim with regard to his first article is related to his other article entitled â€Å"All Animals are Equal†. In this article, he first introduced the non-dying issue concerning sexism. He mentioned that all humans were not equal in any aspect, but we still believe that men and women were just morally similar and women deserved to be recognized as men did. Women deserved to have equality with men. In this case, since men and women were just part of the same species, Singer claimed that it was also possible to extend the same recognition to other species- the ones we called animals. Singer also pointed out the case of racism, which was also an undying issue in almost all parts of the world. Whites were claiming that they were superior to blacks; however we all know that it was not true. Some of the blacks were superior to whites and had some capacities that whites do not have. A person’s color was not a justifiable basis to know his abilities. It was not right to discriminate other people just because he was black and as a human being he deserved the same treatments and rights just like the other people. However, it was also undeniably right that humans and animals had so many differences and these differences might lead to different rights and considerations. Singer believed that these differences were not an excuse not to give animals the rights that they deserved. Humankind must realize that equality among humans was not just a factual possibility but also a moral ideal. Singer also suggested that the ideal of equality among humans was all about on how we ought to treat humans. Moral equality was highly dependent on the nature of the individuals, either human or non-human. Considering all those aspects with regard to moral ideals, various views on speciesism had come up to Singer. He described speciesism as an act or attitude which favors the interest of ones own species to take priority over the other species. It was not the physical and mental aspects of animals that were in question with regard of equality, but it was their emotional aspect that was taken into consideration. Humans let the animals to suffer just to satisfy our needs, though we definitely knew that there were other means of satisfying our nutritional requirements. As human beings, we all knew that we were guilty of doing such things. Singer noted in his article that humans were all speciesists and we were all morally wrong for being such since humans allowed the sufferings of other species to happen in our own hands. Singer also pointed out that our society allowed rearing and killing of sentient animals just to supply the needs of people for meats. Singer noted that the act of rearing and killing sentient animals was an obvious evidence of giving other species suffering though we knew that we could stop that to happen thus making us tolerate something bad to happen and at the same time making us morally wrong. Singer suggested that it was our moral obligation to stop practicing this method since it only catered satisfaction to our stomach and craving to eat meat. Likewise, Singer suggested that we should stop killing other species since they have feelings too- they also get hurt and feel pain and enjoy the pleasure of life. He also noted that it would cater no good to us since eating too much meat was bad for our health and it was the otherwise if we eat less or no meat at all. Moreover, he noted that it was not environmentally sound and inefficient to continuously raise animals for meat production since it was a very wasteful process. Singer imparted in his article that it was just equally immoral to perform experiments on non-humans and to eat their species. Singer did not find any difference between the two aside from the fact that there would be more significant outcome that could get in experimenting animals. Experiments on animals might result to additional understanding and knowledge as well as cures to diseases. However, Singer did not take it as an excuse and it was not justifiable to continue conducting experiments on animals. He noted that these experiments were just repetition and validation of previous experiments. Singer believed that people behind these experiments on animals were just doing the experiments for their own good and nothing else. However, Singer pointed out that if we were conducting experiments on animals, why we were not doing it also on humans. Experiments conducted only on animals were just simply discriminating their species since they could feel pain as any human. Animals should earn the same respect as we, humans, earn. Another form of speciesism aside from eating animal flesh and experimenting animal bodies for the advancement of science was determined by Singer as speciesism in modern philosophy. Singer noted that philosophy ought to present inquiries on the things that most people took for granted. However, philosophers at this age failed to query about the moral rights of sentient animals. Most philosophers presented the differences between human being and animals making it impossible to raise equality between the two species. They also presented equality in terms of human equality, and as the term suggested, non-humans though considered sentient, were disregarded when they mentioned or talked about equality. Singer assumed that the philosophers were discriminating the animals, since they did not exert any effort in bringing out the issue regarding equality between species. The other essay of Singer entitled â€Å"Human are Sentient Too†, also tackled the privilege of animals as a living creature to receive the consideration and rights that they ought to have. Singer mentioned again the term â€Å"speciesism† in this essay and claimed for the next time that all species were equal. He believed that the science world, especially the animal research was being unethical to the sentient animals. Singer noted that these researchers believed that animals were inferior to us only served as a tool that they could use to conduct researches and experimentation for the advancement of science. However, the animal liberation movement, especially Singer, did not accept their belief and considered them as immoral for letting the sentient animals to suffer and feel pain. Moreover, he believed that these researchers were violating the foundation of their knowledge and belief, The Theory of Evolution. The said theory entailed that we all existed in the planet due to unplanned evolution and all organisms existed were just equal; hence humans were not supposed to dominate the world. Considering the principle on the work of Jeremy Bentham, Singer came to think that it was possible to conduct experiments on animals and at the same time not causing them any pain or suffering. However, the science world still believed that we, humans, were superior and we were allowed of dominion over other species. And as a result, animal liberation movements were actively and continuously conducting demonstrations to show the society the inequality that they refused to see. However, Singer believed that the government and the science world, specifically the research institution were more responsible in making changes on the way the researches conduct experiments- researches and experiments without making violence on non-humans and preventing them to suffer and feel pain. In relation to the experiments being conduced on animals, there is another kind of technology that researchers invented in the mid-1970s that does not only involve plant species but also animal species. The new technology involves manipulating the genetic material of a species to modify the trait of that species and for it to have the desired trait. Researchers believed that modifying the trait of a certain species is the solution to some of the world’s problem such as starvation due to insufficient food supply, untreatable diseases and expensive medicines. The supporters of genetic engineering claimed that it is just like breeding a certain species. They also claimed that it is not unethical since nature itself did it through evolution. Evidence to the benefits of genetic engineering to our lives has long been reported. Genetically modified organisms are reported to solve the problems on various fields such as in medicine, agriculture, humanity and ecology. Genetic engineering has made dramatic progress on the said fields. Conversely, there are various groups that object genetic engineering. Religious critics, for an instance, believed that genetic engineering is against the statute and will of God. Moreover, they believed that life is so sacred that humans do not have the right to alter what the creator has given us. Other groups who object modifying the genetic code of species claimed that it is the dignity of the species to be modified that is at stake. It is not the right of anyone to violate the dignity not only of human kind but also of other life-forms. Meanwhile, critics of genetic engineering claim that it is unsafe and unethical to produce genetically modified crops since it may threaten the environment and the safety of human kind. Altering the genetic mode of organisms may lead to alteration of the balance in nature and may sequentially result to more serious problem. The world of science has not yet discovered the harmful effects of genetically modified organism hence it is too risky to depend so much on genetic engineering and deal ourselves with these â€Å"manufactured† organisms. When genetically modified organisms are released to the environment and in turn proven unsafe it will be impossible to recall these â€Å"manufactured† organisms. The society may allow the release of these organisms until we are guaranteed that it is safe and may not bring any hazard on our environment and our own health. Considering all the ideas and views of Singer on animal rights and equality and the facts regarding genetic engineering, though some are considerably absurd, it can be said that it is morally wrong to genetically modify non-humans or what we commonly call animals. It is beyond our ethical belief to alter what the creator has given us. Other species such as plant and animal also have sentience, capacities, self-consciousness and value. Sentient animals are not made for the sake of humanity; they exist in the planet for their own purpose- to live and enjoy the pleasure of life. Thus, humans are not licensed to lead the world and shall not bear in our minds that we are superior to the other life-forms. Humans are supposed to respect the existence of other species and give the consideration that these species shall earn from us otherwise; we do not deserve the rights and consideration that we are earning today. Humans enjoy the pleasure of life in this world and other life-forms might as well experience that pleasure of life. Humans, though given much more of the capabilities and knowledge that the other species failed to have, do not have sufficient right to dominate the world and do whatever they want to do to the other life-forms. As humans, given the opportunity to have higher faculty and self-consciousness, we are committed to take good care and preserve the world, as much as we could, as well as the other life-forms living in it. It is not that difficult for us to give the other life-forms the equality that we refuse to give them. All we need to do is to open eyes so we could have a clear outlook on the present situation of the sentient animals in our society today. In turn, we will realize and learn that their real role in this planet is not only to provide us sufficient nutritional requirements and a â€Å"tool† for research and but also to live and earn the respect and right that they have failed to earn from the very beginning. References Singer, P. 1972. Famine, Affluence, and Morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1, 229-243. Singer, P. 2000. All Animals Are Equal. Contemporary Moral Problems, 490-499. Singer, P. 2004, â€Å"Humans Are Sentient Too,† The Guardian.

Challenges facing mental health problems

Challenges facing mental health problems Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate and access the challenges facing mental health consumers to retain or rebuild a meaningful and valued life. The study was based on looking at mental health statistics, examining current trends in mental health services, treatments, pharmacology, and dual diagnosis management, and rehabilitation, vocational, educational, and transitional services. This paper is based partially on a report that came out of an invigorating collaboration between Surgeon General David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D., Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and (NIMH) who strive to improve the availability, accessibility, and quality of mental health services and support; conducting research on mental illness and mental health. This thesis gives my understanding of what this challenge involves, how this can be facilitated by supports within society at large, while evaluating the current policies and service provisions that are available. By exemplifying the current non-governmental organizations (NGO) that are already in place, I then give a synopsis of what agencies/services and resources would be required to necessitate rebuilding a meaningful and valued life for mental health patients. One in four Americans; people of all ages, races, incomes and social stratus will suffer from some form of mental illness in their lifetime. During the course of a year, more than 54 million Americans are affected by one or more mental disorder. (NMHA Tellioglu, 2009) An estimated 22.1 percent of Americans ages 18 and older suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year (NIMH, 1998) while an astonishing 5.4 percent of adults have severe mental illness. (Surgeon General, 1997). The number of people in Ireland admitted to psychiatric hospitals has dropped by 28% since 1997 with an increase in people treated in community psychiatric facilitiesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬numbering 20,000 30,000 a year. (Irishhealth.com, 2009) Such statistics only begin to capture the level of pain and disruption in individuals, families, and communities for which mental illness is responsible. What is the definition of mental illness? According to the criteria in the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) it is a diagnosable illness that results in functional impairment that substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities. Some diagnoses are considered more severe such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Disability refers to the degree of limitation an illness imposes on the ability to function in life areas, such as relationships, work, independent living, and managing finances and medical care. People with mental disorders used to be thought of as a detriment to society and were removed from the community; kept in institutions and psychiatric hospitals. Patients were heavily sedated, given electroshock therapy, forgotten by professionals and family, and their condition further deteriorated, giving little or no hope of recovery. More recent research on long term recovery of individuals with mental illness shows a much better prognosis. Seven major retrospective studies done in Germany, Switzerland, Japan, and the U.S. show recovery rates of 46 68% for those with severe forms of mental illness without being institutionalized. (Harding, Zahniser, Zubin and Strauss 1984-1987) Recovery is defined as people with mental illness regaining the ability to work, live independently, maintain meaningful relationships, and contribute to their communities in a variety of ways. (Continuum, 1997) Neuropsychiatric disorders are the second greatest cause of burden of disease after cardiovascular disease, accounting for 40 percent of chronic disease. Serious mental illness can be fatal with suicide as the cause of death among adults second only to traffic accidents. More than 90% of people who kill themselves have a diagnosable mental disorder, (Baylor study, 2009) although not all with mental disorders will necessarily commit suicide; but the pain, hopelessness, and disordered thinking can lead to suicide and the impact is immeasurable. Our nations physical healthà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬as a wholeà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬has never been better. Cancer and HIV/AIDS once termed as terminal are increasingly distinguished as treatable, survivable, and curable ailments. Medical research proves the inextricably intertwined relationship between mental health, physical health and well-being. (David Satcher, 1999) Fortunately, leaders in mental health, intensely devoted advocates, scientists, government officials, and consumers have been insistent that mental health flow in the mainstream of health. With the progress the medical profession has made with disorders of the mind such as dementia and Alzheimers there has also been improvement in understanding mental illness. Dementia is a loss of cognitive function with an inability to think, learn, or perceive due to changes in the brain caused by trauma or disease with blood vessel disease due to illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension as the biggest risk factors. If the illness/illnes ses are treated the dementia can be reversed. Dementia is caused by a condition whereas Alzheimers is a particular physical condition. Some of the early signs of Alzheimers and dementia can include depression. Many medical problems mask as, co-occur with, or exacerbate psychiatric crises. Any patient exhibiting psychiatric symptoms needs a medical evaluation since physical illness can masquerade as mental illness. What many people fail to understand is that dementia, Alzheimers, diabetes, and mental illness are all diseases that a person has no control over. The primary contribution of modern-day mental health research is the degree to which its mended the destructive split between mental and physical health. Researchers recognize the brain is the integrator of thought, emotion, behavior, and physical health. Yet, despite research and unprecedented knowledge about the brain and human behavior, mental health is often disregarded and ailments of the mind remain masked in ignorance and misunderstanding. The challenges involved with retaining or rebuilding a meaningful and valued life for persons with mental illness are innumerable. The closing of mental health institutions, psychiatric wards, community mental health centers, residential facilities and diversion programs has reflected a trend for the entire nation stemming partly from the governments policy of treating the mentally ill in the community, rather than in institutions. (Independent News Media. 1997) Since 1970, 90 percent of public psychiatric hospitals have closed; available beds in NHS psychiatric wards alone dropped by 50,000 since 1980. (Sheriff, 2007) Even when there are adequate mental health facilities patients need to have medication and continual therapy to retain stability. With the closing of mental health systems clients will need additional support in finding a way to continue their treatment regimens. This is especially true for those with bi-polar and schizophrenic disorders who need to be monitored for treatment compliance. With a devastating loss of mental-health services throughout the world, individuals have relapsed, scores of patients have been forced to reside in local nursing homes, become homeless, or end up in correction systems. In 1996, E. Fuller Torrey, prominent psychiatrist/mental health advocate, stated, Quietly but steadily jails and prisons are replacing public mental hospitals as the primary purveyors of public psychiatric services for individuals with serious mental illness in the U.S. With federal funding cuts agencies who could offer services spend more time worrying about who is going to pay for what, rather than how to prevent relapse or suicide. With an inadequate supply of mental health services and providers there is a presence in society of at risk people manifesting mental disorders leading to destabilizing conditions that affect society as a whole. Alcohol and illicit drug use is associated with violence, criminality, antisocial behaviors and the inability to develop into pr oductive citizens of countries and communities. With the lack of mental health dual diagnosis treatment, patients often develop behavior that places them into the legal system; jailed or imprisoned, causing an interruption in their treatment that can lead to radical decline in functioning. Detective Tony Morales, Phoenix Police Department says, all our officers have to be part-time psychiatrists. Gabe Morgan, Sheriff of Newport News, Virginia says, Acute care for the mentally ill was once provided by psychiatric hospitals but many who are severely ill are living in our communities, where the burden of managing symptomatic and psychotic behaviors often falls on law enforcement. Jails were never intended to be treatment facilities but they are replacing psychiatric hospitals. Markowitz, Northern Illinois University reports results of an influential study on how psychiatric hospital capacity impacts crime rates. Data from 81 cities around the country showed communities with greater acc ess to psychiatric beds have lower rates of arrests and crime. (Sheriff, 2007) While troubled individuals are more likely to seek help from their physician than a psychiatrist, (Kiesler, 1980) countless physicians are not trained to deal with mental problems nor willing to spend time listening to anything other than physical symptoms. (Eisenberg, 1977; Engel, 1977; Knowles, 1977; Reiser, 1981). Another challenge is that emergency rooms are becoming the most utilized form of care for those in crisis because mental health service providers are unavailable after hours and on weekends and the ER is not allowed to turn people away. Badly equipped to handle respite/mental health care patients become unnecessarily hospitalized or are medicated until they can see a psychiatrist if available. Mental health consumers who find adequate in-patient treatment often face a void when trying to bridge the gap between relapse or hospitalization and living life in the community. In their quest to achieve recovery, they find little or no intermediate services available. While pharmacotherapy can treat the symptoms of mental illness when taken as directed it cannot restore a sense of value of self nor lift the burden carried by the patient. With no way to progress through rehabilitative therapies and develop coping and life skills a person who has been hospitalized, imprisoned or institutionalized will have little hope reintegrating into society and their mental health will only decline. Often, the result is the revolving door phenomenon with a cycle of deterioration, relapse and re-hospitalization or being arrested for petty crimes, released and arrested again. (Psychiatric Services, November, 2003) Another very real and insidious challenge is the impact of stigma, shame, and isolation associated with mental illness constituting a major barrier against seeking treatment. The graphic portrayal of those labeled with a mental diagnosis confronts the patient living with a serious mental illness to try to navigate beyond the arduous challenges presented by the illness itself. Strides have been made against stigma, yet too frequently mental health is spoken of in whispers and shame. Stigma and an unwarranted sense of hopelessness for recovery from mental illness have erected barriers. These barriers have made their way into churches where those with severe mental illness have turned to seek assistance from their local pastor. Some well meaning Christians throw bible verses or phrases such as if you had enough faith or just give it to God in an effort to solve the problem by fixing the person with mental illness because of their lack of knowledge or understanding. The mentally ill may get support for awhile with prayers, talks on faith, loving and trusting God, but if the person is not progressing as they had hoped then any interest in helping may wane. Serious roadblocks arise when those with mental illness try to find encouragement from their church and get no support or try to talk to their therapist about their faith or religious beliefs and he/she responds in a negative or unsupportive way when hearing about God. Having a relationship with Jesus Christ can give great comfort and hope and provides strength for working through spiritual issues which is an essential part of healing and rehabilitation. God works through people who are willing to help a person to rebuild their life. If a church fails to give support many mental health consumers then make serial connections with church after church trying to find respite and may stop going to church and even worse; turn away from God. Those whose mental illness is dismissed by clergy are not only being told they d ont have a mental illness; theyre also being told they need to stop taking their medication which can be a very dangerous thing. (Baylor, 2008) The unique internal pain of those who have a serious mental illness is only exacerbated when a pastor or members of a congregation fail to understand their condition, or even resents them or their illness because they are unable or unwilling to accept them like Jesus would. Support is essential for recovery of mental illness. Where does a person go when there is little or no treatment available, nor support from family, friends, church or therapists? People who seek God find what they need in time of hardship. Individuals can find support on the internet from mental health forums, blogs and websites. Too many other people that have no answer have given up and have died needlessly. Formidable financial barriers impede needed mental health care from too many people both those with adequate health insurance or one of the 44 million Americans who lack health insurance. If they do not have medical insurance or have other financial problems it can be difficult for the mentally ill to obtain medical care, counseling or medication. Even if they do have medical insurance, many insurance policies either do not cover the cost of treatment for mental illnesses or they only allow a minimum of 12 30 sessions of counseling a year, depending on the insurance policy. Unlike some physical diseases which may be cured with antibiotics or surgery, mental illnesses may need consistent management. For example, there is no cure for schizophrenia. Without continual treatment, these clients decline and may become homeless or worse. For those mental disorders that can be resolved such as post traumatic stress disorder, 12 sessions are not sufficient. It is not feasible to expect a vete ran who has been in active combat for 3 years to heal in three months or a woman who has been abused for most of her life to recover with so few therapy sessions a year. Patients need consistent ongoing treatment without their progress being impeded by financial and insurance restrictions. Some insurance companies have made exceptions through managed care to trade inpatient days for outpatient days to accommodate the patient needing more therapy and psychiatric sessions but this is usually limited to amending the policy for one year at the most. There is substantial research indicating that the majority of the chronically mentally ill can function outside of institutional settings where mental health services are available. A number of community support services were positively evaluated showing evidence patients can be effectively maintained in non-institutional community placement. (Kiesler, 1982) A wide range of non-governmental organizations and community support interventions vary across a spectrum from crisis clinics designed to prevent rehospitalization (Formenhaft, Kaplan, Langsley, 1969) to small self governing communities (Fairweather, 1980) such as mental health drop in centers and psychosocial clubhouses. (Taber, 1980) Primary health care physicians that are able to identify common mental disorders are facilitating and advocating support and treatment for mental health consumers, providing basic medication and psychotherapeutic interventions, while referring complex cases to community mental health services. Other provisions include 24 hour crisis hotlines offering support and encouragement; helping move the person from a state of crisis/feeling suicidal to empowering them to develop and rely on coping skills. In many countries, community mental health teams provide home-based crisis intervention services through 24 hour mobile outreach, assisting in stabilization, visiting people, helping consumers at high risk for hospitalization; providing one-on-one intensive case management, rehabilitation, and follow up. In many countries hospital diversion programs redirect people in crisis to community-based facilities such as mental health crisis shelters, family based crisis homes, apartments with in home-like milieu, or hostels as alternatives to hospitalization helping hundreds of people each year stay in the community and avoid the expense, stigma and trauma of hospitalization. Many provide the same recovery model as psychiatric inpatient treatment facilities and have found with proper support, compassion, understanding, professional mental health, and peer counseling the need for hospitalization is diminished or greatly reduced. Some hospitals have dispositional care, an alternative to hospital stays, adjacent to the ER to facilitate a short stay with discharge as the goal, offering short term acute treatment for psychiatric and substance abuse issues. Outpatient day-treatment is available in a highly structured environment and offer support services upon discharge. A study shows that 80% were successfully diverted from the hospital at considerable savings. Treatment was comparable to those admitted to psychiatric hospitals. Vocational/rehabilitation services help mental health consumers attain independent living skills necessary to move into or remain in more independent level of housing within the community. These programs teach skills such as cooking, nutrition, personal grooming, using public transportation, job skills, budgeting money, health and dental care and assistance achieving a job and/or academic education. While the goal is to stay out of crisis and prevent hospitalization these programs are primarily designed to help consumers reenter society and/or achieve a full community life. Clients take responsibility for their care with moderate support from community-based case managers who make weekly in-home visits to monitor progress and provide assistance. These particular models vary from country to country depending on various factors including the sociocultural context, how health services are organized and the availability of financial and human resources. For success, psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation needs to have integrated, seamless approaches aimed at restoring persons with major mental disorders to their best possible level of functioning and quality of life. How can this be facilitated by supports within society? Effective treatment of serious mental illness goes far beyond inpatient hospitalization and offers individuals the opportunity for community reintegration. (American Psychiatric Association, 2004) Inpatient treatment facilities would be available only for those with severe needs or those at risk to themselves or others. Hospitalization would be brief, minimally disruptive and rehabilitation services within the community could be seamlessly implemented as quickly as possible. (American Psychiatric Association, Kopelowicz and Liberman, 2003) Clients would move through a care continuum including psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, pharmacotherapy, dual diagnoses/addiction treatment, physical assessment, behavioral modification, neurocognitive science, 12-step recovery programs, employment, housing, criminal justice, education, and relapse prevention. Rehabilitation would include teaching life and coping skills, managing symptoms, dealing with memory, decision making, problem solving, and management of anger and stress. Community based programs would include residential services, crisis intervention, hospital diversion and relapse preventative resources, mental health research, and other service providers designed to reintegrate the mentally ill into society. Patients would be educated about their illness to grasp management and proper use of psychiatric medications. The perfect model would include guaranteed access to necessary medicines for people with mental health problems at a cost that the health care system and the individual can afford in order to achieve appropriate prescription and use of these medicines. Having an adequate number of psychiatrists and counselors for outpatient treatm ent in areas that formerly had only a few or none is essential. There is a need to improve coordination between health care providers and governmental and private mental service providers along with community based programs for the mentally ill to advance and improve the referral system and evaluate if the needs of mental health consumers are being met. The government could support mental health consumers by creating laws that restrict discrimination of treatment among insurance providers. Mental illness needs to be viewed as equal to other form of physical disabilities. Mental illness is not a lack of willpower. Medication for depression is just as vital as insulin is for the diabetic. The threat of suicide for mental illness is as dangerous as a heart attack is for heart disease. Promoting good mental health for people of all countries will require scientific know-how but, even more importantly, a societal resolve that we will make the needed investment; not for budgets but for each of us to educate ourselves and others about mental health/illness, and to confront the attitudes, fear, and misunderstanding that remain as barriers before us. (David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D., Surgeon General) To remove the stigma and secrecy surrounding mental illness families, churches and others who once offered no support need to sustain those who suffer in shame. There is still a long way to go with reintegrating and rebuilding the lives of those with mental illness. I have learned however that mental health consumers grow emotionally during this process we call recovery through enhanced self esteem, meaningful work, connections to others, a sense of hope and empowerment. They grow physically through increased fitness, improved diet and nutrition, and better health care. They grow intellectually through a better understanding of their disability, effective coping mechanisms, and the development and implementation of personal goals. They grow spiritually through pastors and churches that are willing to offer support, understanding and biblical counseling. It is through our connections with people who are experiencing mental illnesses that we will continue to learn and to grow in our knowledge about mental illness and recovery and have some of the best, richest relationships we could possibly have. In conclusion, the World Health Organization predicts that in the next 20 years more people will be affected by depression than any other cause of ill health worldwide. With this knowledge I would like to challenge the world, our nation, our countries, our cities, our communities, both physical and mental health care models, researchers, our employers, and our citizens to take action to collaborate with mental health consumers. There is no health without mental health and mental health is fundamental to quality of life and to the most creative and productive life that people can live. (Indian Journal, 2006) References Mental Health America Resource Center. 800-969-6642. http://www.nmha.org/ Neugeboren J: Imagining Robert: My Brother, Madness, and Survival. New York, Morrow, 1997 Hall LL: Review of Imagining Robert: My Brother, Madness, and Survival. Psychiatric Services 48:1470-1471, 1997 Harding, Zahniser, Zubin and Strauss (1984 1997). Mental Health Statistics. Continuum, 4, 3-15. Tahir Tellioglu M.D., APA, AAAP (2009). Mental Health Rehabilitation. National Mental Health Association Unknown (2003). Psychiatric Services. American Psychiatric Association, 54, 1491-1498. Alex Kopelowicz, M.D. and Robert Paul Liberman, M.D. Integration of Care: Integrating Treatment with Rehabilitation for Persons with Major Mental Illness. William D. Spaulding, Mary E. Sullivan, and Jeffrey S. Poland, New York, Guilford Publications (2004). Treatment and Rehabilitation of Severe Mental Illness. Am. J. Psychiatry, 161, 937 Alex Kopelowicz, M.D. and Robert Paul Liberman, M.D. (2003). Integration of Care: Integrating with Rehabilitation for Persons with Major Mental Illnesses. American Psychiatric Association, 54, 1491-1498. David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D. Surgeon General (1999). Collaboration between (SAMSHA) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and (NIMH) National Institute of Mental Health Report. Surgeon Generals Response to Mental Health. Healthy Living Clinic. Irish Health. Retrieved 2009, from http://www.irishhealth.com/clin/healthliv/health_ire.html#s6 H. Russel Searlight and Paul J. Handal with Kramer, Kiesler, Flomenhaft, Kaplan Langsley, Fairweather, Taber (September 1986). Psychiatric Deinstitutionalization: The Possibilities and the Reality. Psychiatric Quarterly, Volume 58, 3. S; Steven. Mental-health policy: Iowa doesnt get it. Telegraph Herald (Dubuque). Telegraph Herald (Dubuque). 2007. Retrieved October 08, 2009 from HighBeam Research: J. Health Services: Mental hospitals provision slashed. The Independent (London, England). Independent News Media. 1997. Retrieved October 08, 2009 from HighBeam Research: Mental Health Policies Are Cause for Alarm in the Corrections Community. Sheriff. National Sherriffs Association. 2007. Retrieved October 08, 2009 from HighBeam Research: Mental health: Facing the challenges, building solutions. Indian Journal of Medical Research. Indian Council of Medical Research. 2006. Retrieved October 08, 2009 from HighBeam Research: Baylor Study Finds Serious Mental Illness Often Dismissed by Local Church. US Fed News Service, Including US State News. HT Media Ltd. 2008. Retrieved October 09, 2009 from HighBeam

Canterbury Tales Comparison :: essays papers

Canterbury Tales Comparison "If gold rusts, what shall iron do" (502)? This question seems to be the basis of the comparison between the parson and the reeve. One, a good man on the inside and out, the other, a wonderful fascade to hide his true personality. Althgough completely different, one tries to imitate the other to make himself appear a good man. The parson embodied what a preacher of the Lord should be. He was honest, kind, truthful, "benign, and wonderfully diligent" (485). Although he was a righteous man eh did not belittle or condemn those who were not as holy as he was. However he woudl highly scold those who were "obstinate" (523). He was a man who practied what he preached and led people not by his words, but his good actions. He would even give the poor parishoners some of his own moeney and possessions. He felt that it was imporrible "to find a filthy shepherd and a clean sheep" (506) and that if he was a priest (a man who is closer to God than most) is corrupt, then how could he expect his parishoners to be honest? There is no counter representation for the parson because with all of the good deeds he has done for others, when Chaucer says he believes "there is not better priest anywhere" (526) he believes it to be true, and so does the reader. The reeve was a thin, "choleric" (589) man. He was very clever and wilely, and could not be tricked by other. He was very knowledgable about about predicting what the yeild of his crops would be. Most people were afraid of him and he had a plesant home in a meadow. It would seem that he would have a sort of unhappy dreary home, but that was not the case. A lot of his master's properties were under his control and power, and he tricked his lorfd into getting most things. He would lend and sell the lords own properties back to him, and he privately had more riches than his lord. He also learned the trade of being a craftsman and a carpenter at a young age. However wicked the reeve may be on the inside, he tries to make others see him as a good man.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Persuasiveness of Lady Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer

The Persuasiveness of Lady Macbeth  Ã‚   When considering a dilemma, we usually turn towards those we love for advice, since they are the ones to whom we listen. In William Shakespears' Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is greatly responsible for the killing of King Duncan. Lady Macbeth reveals her secret evil nature, which pushes her towards her evil doings. Once Macbeth learns his prophecy to be king, she immediately convinces and persuades Macbeth into following her plan. Towards the end, when the crimes have been committed, Lady Macbeth shows weakness and guilt for her evil deeds. Lady Macbeth expresses a hidden evil throughout the play. Behind closed doors, she shows her evil by voicing her heartless phrases to herself. She shows she has no love but for her evil and knows no bounderies when it comes to having her way. "That I may pour my spirits in thine ear" Shows that Lady Macbeth knows that she is evil and is wishing that she could share her evil with Macbeth. "Make thick my blood, Stop up th' Access and Passage to remorse." Expresses Lady Macbeth wanting more evil and is asking for her blood to stop the passage through her heart, so she can continue her evil ways without any remorse or guilt. Although Lady Macbeth is evil, she knows well not to convey this trait to the public, but to be pleasant and sweet to the king and others. Once Macbeth is told his prophecy of being king by the witches, he soon writes a letter to his wife explaining his newly found future, hoping to find some advice in return. Instead, Lady Macbeth quickly begins to think how life could be greater if he were king now. She then persuades Macbeth into killing King Duncan. "And to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man." says Lady Macbeth, trying to change her husbands mind. She shows Macbeth that if they follow her plan exactly and show remorse for the kings' death. They would not fail, "Who dares receive it other, As we shall make our greifs and clamor roar upon his death?" Towards the end of the play, Lady Macbeth shows weakness and guilt for her evil plans, and begins to go crazy. "Out damned spot! Out, I say!" " Who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him" "The Thane of Fife had a wife.

Chipotle Mexican Grill Incorporated Essay

1. Do you think CMG is a successful company? The Chipotle mission statement: â€Å"Food with integrity is our commitment to finding the very best ingredients raised with respect for the animals, the environment and the farmers. It means serving the very best sustainable raised food possible with an eye to great taste, great nutrition and great value.† This is the context which Chipotle uses to determine their success. Chipotle has made a mission a corporate passion. Not only have they lead the food industry in sustainable food sourcing, they have expanded their philosophy to striving for LEED certification in their buildings. They pride themselves on providing the highest quality food at reasonable prices. Does moral success translate to financial success? Steve Ellis started a taco shop in Denver, CO with the intent of reinventing Mexican food. He didn’t want fast food, he wanted real food. Despite his nay-sayers stating no one would want to pay $5 for a burrito, no one wants to see an open kitchen and certainly no one will stand in line to hav e something assemble before them, by 1998 he had opened 16 restaurants and McDonald’s decided to back his endeavors. With McDonald’s investment, the company grew to 500 stores by 2005. By January 26, 2006, Chipotle made its IPO and in October 2006, McDonald’s divested for $1.5 billion dollars. Financially speaking, net cash flows remain strong and positive. Their stock prices have rebounded very well since the financial crash in 2009, where the price was $47.76 to today where it is currently $608.67. They are operating approximately 1800 restaurants including ChopHouse Southeast Asian Kitchen. In comparison to its competitors, CMG spends less in labor and building costs. Where it consistently spends more  is in food and packaging, which supports the mission of the company. The table below reflects costs as a percent of revenue: In 2014, CMG increased its food and packaging to 34.6% while decreasing its labor to 22% of revenue which is consistent with their core mission of providing quality food at a great value. 2. How does CMG compete? CMG takes a very different approach to competition and marketing and advertising: â€Å"Our marketing strategy has always been based on the belief that the best and most recognizable brands aren’t built through advertising or promotional campaigns alone, but rather through all of the ways people experience the brand. Out main method of promotion is word-of-mouth publicity.† CMG has taken conscious actions to decrease traditional marketing methods by decreasing the advertising budget from an all-time high of $7.9 million in 2009, to $5.8 million in 2011. CMG markets through print, outdoor and radio ads plus on-line advertising. Their goal is to target likeminded individuals and organizations who believe in the â€Å"Food with Integrity† mission. They also generate media coverage with their restaurant reviews about the quality of their food and their strong culture of doing the right thing in every aspect of their business. 3. How do CMG’s resources support the company’s competitive position? One area of resources is CMG’s suppliers. In 2008, CMG launched a program to increase local sourcing of its food items. This program cut down on fossil fuels used in transportation, gave local farms work and improved the taste of the food by using ingredients during their peak season. This local farm supply network provided lettuce, green peppers, jalapeno peppers, red onions and oregano. This program also resulted in 5 million pounds of produce in 2009 and 10 million pounds in 2012, which is a huge boost in the local economy for the farms used in the program. In addition to the locally-grown vegetables, CMG used ‘naturally raised’ meat, which is open-range, antibiotic free and vegetarian fed. One hundred percent of the port, 80 per cent of chicken and 50 per cent of beef used are in this classification. Additionally, all of the sour cream and chees came from cows that were not giv en the rBGH (human growth) hormones. While CMG would like to use all-organic ingredients, the cost is still too high, so they are doing what they can to continue to keep  the prices reasonable and to turn profits. CMG is one of two Mexican fast-food chains that can say they use 100% fresh ingredients. There are no microwaves, freezers, or can openers in a CMG restaurant. This is a huge advantage for target consumer groups such as the Millenials who are looking for good, healthy â€Å"fast food† options by companies who practice corporate social responsibility. CMG is providing jobs to local farms, therefore helping improve the local economy in the majority of CMG locations. CMG is responding to growing health concerns in eating habits by providing fresh, organic ingredients and cutting down on the amount of food they serve with hormones, etc. By using mostly organic ingredients, the food tastes better also. CMG also uses a vast majority of naturally raised meat which eliminates concerns of animal-rights groups. Finally, CMG is also looking into how to design and build restaurants which are more environmentally friendly and looking for systems to create more efficiency in daily operations. One way to do this is by using solar panels for energy. As of 2012, 3 of its restaurants in IL were LEED certified (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). This helps reduce energy consumption and the overall carbon footprint. 4a. What challenges does CMG face in late 2012? From 2012 until present time CMG faces two major competitors in the Mexican Food market, Taco Bell as the fast food segment and Qdoba as the fast casual segment. Both competitors have updated their menus that tend to resemble CMG’s but at lower costs. CMG handles their business in a way that is not as easy to copy but a competitor could try to imitate a product and possibly sell it for less. With CMG’s stand on food that is raised with respect for the animal their products are more costly but have a better taste and greater nutritional value. This process has caused CMG to look into their pricing since food costs continue to rise. CMG does not want to deter customers to their competitors by raising prices too quickly. In this economy CMG is facing many challenges in the fact with the depressed economy people are looking for quick service and or fast casual restaurants over full service due to cheaper prices and saving time. CMG’s competitor Taco Bell is also pushing a higher margin with a more aggressive menu and increased advertising. There also continues to be an overall increase in  food prices that will eventually affect CMG and their margins with food products with their standards compared to their competitors. CMG has walked away from the conventional restaurant practice and spends more on food and they own their restaurants instead of franchising, and they don’t advertise like their competitors. With these ideals CMG has structured themselves to be a strong restaurant chain and continue to be a formidable competitor. 4b. How should Steve Elis and Montgomery Moran position CMG to respond to these challenges? CMG needs to continue to stay competitive by ensuring stability in input costs by engaging in forward pricing. CMG needs to watch the economy and their competitors Taco Bell and Qdoba before making any decisions on major pricing changes. They will need to continue to focus on investments and general overhead costs. Steve Elis and Montgomery Moran need to continue on the path of organic agriculture and the humane treatment of the animals they use as food. People will continue to respect and want to eat â€Å"Food with Integrity†. CMG will also need to continue to find new and innovative ways to advertise making sure they solidify their reputation and push the freshness of their product. Health conscious individuals will see CMG as a healthier fare than other Mexican style restaurants. 5. What would you recommend the company do? CMG should continue to focus on solidifying its reputation for freshness and offering a healthier menu than most competitors by continuing to use mostly organic ingredients and local farmers. They also need to continue to focus on using suppliers that support the humane treatment of animals. CMG can also continue to build the connection with millennials because generations after the millennials will likely follow suit. Furthermore, CMG can continue with moving away from non-traditional media and using more technology-based options. Finally, CMG should work on getting more restaurants LEED certified and share best practices amongst all locations on how to improve operational efficiency in order to keep costs as low as possible to offset the higher prices for organic ingredients. They need to be very intentional about not rising prices too much higher than the competition otherwise they will price themselves out of the â€Å"fast food† industry.